Understanding Heatwaves in India
Every year, India faces severe heatwaves between April and June, with temperatures in many parts of the country — including Jharkhand — regularly crossing 40°C. A heatwave is declared by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) when the maximum temperature exceeds 40°C in plains regions or 30°C in hilly areas, and is at least 4.5°C above the normal for that date.
Heatwaves are a serious public health concern. They can cause heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and — in severe cases — death, especially among children, the elderly, outdoor workers, and those with pre-existing health conditions.
Recognizing Heat-Related Illnesses
Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is the body's response to excessive loss of water and salt through sweating. Symptoms include:
- Heavy sweating
- Cool, pale, or clammy skin
- Weakness, dizziness, or fainting
- Nausea or vomiting
- Rapid but weak pulse
What to do: Move to a cool place immediately, drink water or ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution), and rest. If symptoms worsen, seek medical attention.
Heatstroke (Sun Stroke)
Heatstroke is a medical emergency. The body's temperature rises above 40°C and the cooling system fails. Warning signs include:
- Hot, red, dry skin (no sweating)
- Rapid, strong pulse
- Confusion or loss of consciousness
- Throbbing headache
What to do: Call emergency services immediately. While waiting, cool the person rapidly — use cool wet cloths, ice packs on the neck/armpits/groin, or move them to an air-conditioned space.
Practical Tips to Stay Safe in a Heatwave
Hydration
- Drink at least 8–10 glasses of water daily, even if you do not feel thirsty.
- Include ORS, nimbu pani (lemonade), buttermilk (chaas), and coconut water in your diet.
- Avoid alcohol, excessive tea/coffee, and sugary carbonated drinks — these dehydrate the body.
Diet During Summer
- Eat light, small, and frequent meals rather than heavy foods.
- Include cooling foods: cucumber, watermelon, curd, mint, and raw onion.
- Avoid spicy, oily, or fried foods that generate excess body heat.
Clothing and Outdoor Behavior
- Wear loose, light-colored, cotton clothing that allows your skin to breathe.
- Avoid going outdoors between 11 AM and 4 PM — the hottest part of the day.
- Use an umbrella, hat, or dupatta to shield yourself from direct sunlight.
- Apply sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) if you must stay outdoors.
At Home
- Keep curtains and blinds closed during the day to prevent heat from entering.
- Use fans, wet curtains, or coolers to manage indoor temperatures.
- Never leave children, the elderly, or pets inside a parked vehicle.
Who Is Most at Risk?
| Vulnerable Group | Why They Are at Risk |
|---|---|
| Children under 5 | Immature heat regulation system |
| Elderly (60+) | Reduced ability to sense heat and thirst |
| Outdoor laborers | Prolonged sun exposure and physical exertion |
| Pregnant women | Increased body temperature and circulation demands |
| People with chronic illness | Certain medications impair heat regulation |
Community Action During Heatwaves
Check on elderly neighbors and relatives during peak summer. Many state governments, including Jharkhand, set up cooling centers in public buildings during declared heatwave periods. Keep the National Disaster Helpline (1078) and local health center numbers handy.
Staying informed through weather alerts and taking simple precautions can genuinely save lives during India's summer months.